導讀
Contributors
Preface
Part Ⅰ Fundamental aspects
1 Ontology and the lexicon: a multidisciplinary perspective
1.1 Situating ontologies and lexical resources
1.2 The content of ontologies
1.3 Theoretical framework for the ontologies/lexicons interface
1.4 From ontologies to the lexicon and back
1.5 Outline of chapters
2 Formal ontology as interlingua: the SUMO and WordNet linking project and global WordNet
2.1 WordNet
2.2 Principles of construction of formal ontologies and lexicons
2.3 Mappings
2.4 Interpreting language
2.5 Global WordNet
2.6 SUMO translation templates
3 Interfacing WordNet with DOLCE: towards OntoWordNet
3.1 Introduction
3.2 WordNet's preliminary analysis
3.3 The DOLCE upper ontology
3.4 Mapping WordNet into DOLCE
3.5 Conclusion
4 Reasoning over natural language text by means of FrameNet and ontologies
4.1 Introduction
4.2 An introduction to the FrameNet lexicon
4.3 Linking FrameNet to ontologies for reasoning
4.4 Formalizing FrameNet in OWL DL
4.5 Reasoning over FrameNet-annotated text
4.6 Linking FrameNet to SUMO
4.7 Discussion
4.8 Conclusion and outlook
5 Synergizing ontologies and the lexicon: a roadmap
5.1 Formal mappings between ontologies
5.2 Evaluation of ontolex resources
5.3 Bridging different lexical models and resources
5.4 Technological framework


Part Ⅱ Discovery and representation of conceptual systems
6 Experiments of ontology construction with Formal Concept Analysis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Basic concepts and related work
6.3 Dataset selection and design of experiments
6.4 Evaluation and discussion
6.5 Conclusion and future work
7 Ontology, lexicon, and fact repository as leveraged to interpret events of change
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A snapshot of OntoSem
7.3 Motivation for pursuing deep analysis of events of change
7.4 Increase
7.5 Content divorced from its rendering
7.6 NLP with reasoning and for reasoning
7.7 Conclusion
8 Hantology: conceptual system discovery based on orthographic convention
8.1 Introduction: hanzi and conventionalized
conceptualization
8.2 General framework
8.3 Conceptualization and classification of the radicals system
8.4 The ontology of a radical as a semantic symbol
8.5 The architecture of Hantology
8.6 OWL encoding of Hantology
8.7 Summary
8.8 Conclusion
9 What's in a schema?
9.1 Introduction
9.2 An ontology for cognitive linguistics
9.3 The c.DnS ontology
9.4 Schemata, mental spaces, and constructions
9.5 An embodied semiotic metamodel
9.6 Applying Semion to FrameNet and related resources
9.7 Conclusion


Part Ⅲ Interfacing ontologies and lexical resources
10 Interfacing ontologies and lexical resources
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Classifying experiments in ontologies and lexical resources
10.3 Ontologies and their construction
10.4 How actual resources fit the classification
10.5 Two practical examples
10.6 Available tools for the ontology lexical resource interface
10.7 Conclusion
11 Sinica BOW (Bilingual Ontological WordNet)：integration of bilingual WordNet and SUMO
11.1 Background and motivation
11.2 Resources and structure required in the BOW approach
11.3 Interfacing multiple resources: a lexicon-driven approach
11.4 Integration of multiple knowledge sources
11.5 Updating and future improvements
11.6 Conclusion
12 Ontology-based semantic lexicons：mapping between terms and object descriptions
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Why we need semantic lexicons
12.3 More semantics than we need
12.4 The semantics we need is in ontologies
12.5 Conclusion
13 Merging global and specialized linguistic ontologies
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Linguistic ontologies versus formal ontologies
13.3 Specialized linguistic ontologies
13.4 The plug-in approach
13.5 Experiments
13.6 Applications and extensions
13.7 Conclusion


Part Ⅳ Learning and using ontological knowledge
14 The life cycle of knowledge
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Using ontolexical knowledge in NLP
14.3 Creating ontolexical knowledge with NLP
14.4 Conclusion
15 The Omega ontology
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Constituents of Omega
15.3 Structure of Omega
15.4 Construction of Omega via merging
15.5 Omega's auxiliary knowledge sources
15.6 Applications
15.7 Omega 5 and the OntoNotes project
15.8 Discussion and future work
15.9 Conclusion
16 Automatic acquisition of lexico-semantic knowledge for question answering
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Lexico-semantic knowledge for QA
16.3 Related work
16.4 Extracting semantically similar words
16.5 Using automatically acquired role and function words
16.6 Using automatically acquired categorized NEs
16.7 Evaluation
16.8 Conclusion and future work
17 Agricultural ontology construction and maintenance in Thai
17.1 Introduction
17.2 A framework of ontology construction and maintenance
17.3 Ontology acquisition from texts
17.4 Ontology acquisitions from a dictionary and a thesaurus
17.5 Integration into an ontological tree
17.6 Conclusion
References
Index